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<h1 id="以下是centos79的网络配置出自红帽官方文档整理">以下是Centos7.9的网络配置出自红帽官方文档整理 </h1>
<hr>
<h2 id="1配置dhcp客户端">1.配置DHCP客户端 </h2>
<p>在CentOS 7中，默认使用NetworkManager来管理网络配置。NetworkManager是一个网络配置工具，它使用DHCP协议来分配IP地址和其他网络配置参数。</p>
<h3 id="11-请求ip地址">1.1 请求IP地址 </h3>
<p>当 DHCP 连接启动时，dhcp 客户端会从 DHCP 服务器请求 IP 地址。默认情况下，dhcp 客户端等待此请求完成的时间为 60 秒。您可以使用 nmcli 工具或 /etc/sysconfig/network -scripts/ifcfg-ifname文件中的 IPV4_DHCP_TIMEOUT 选项来配置ipv4.dhcp- timeout 属性。例如，使用 nmcli:</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>nmcli connection modify enp1s0 ipv4.dhcp-timeout <span class="token number">10</span>
</code></pre><h3 id="12-使dhcpv4持久">1.2 使DHCPv4持久 </h3>
<p>要使 DHCPv4 在启动和租期续订过程中持久化，请将 ipv4.dhcp-timeout 属性设置为 32 位整数(MAXINT32)的最大值，即 2147483647 或 infinity 值：</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>nmcli connection modify enp1s0 ipv4.dhcp-timeout <span class="token number">2147483647</span>
nmcli connection modify enps1s0 ipv4.dhcp-timeout infinity
</code></pre><p>因此，NetworkManager 永远不会停止尝试从 DHCP 服务器获取或续订租期，直到成功为止。</p>
<p>要确保仅在租期续订过程中有 DHCP 持久性行为，您可以在 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg- enp1s0 配置文件中使用 nmcli 手动将静态 IP 添加到 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg- enp1s0 配置文件中的 IPADDR 属性中：</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>nmcli connection modify enp1s0 ipv4.address <span class="token number">192.168</span>.122.88/24
</code></pre><p>当 IP 地址租用到期时，静态 IP 会保留已配置或部分配置的 IP 状态（您可以拥有 IP 地址，但您未连接到互联网），确保 dhcp 客户端每 2 分钟重新启动一次。</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="2-配置netconsole">2. 配置netconsole </h2>
<p>如果磁盘日志记录失败或使用串行控制台，您可能需要使用内核调试。netconsole 内核模块允许通过网络将内核消息记录到另一台计算机。
为了能够使用 netconsole，您需要具有一个在网络上正确配置的 rsyslog 服务器。</p>
<h3 id="21-为netconsole配置rsyslog">2.1 为netconsole配置rsyslog </h3>
<ol>
<li>
<p>将 rsyslogd 守护进程配置为侦听 514/udp 端口，并通过取消注释 /etc/rsyslog.conf 文件的 MODULES 部分中的以下行从网络接收信息：</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code><span class="token variable">$ModLoad</span> imudp
<span class="token variable">$UDPServerRun</span> <span class="token number">514</span>
</code></pre></li>
<li>
<p>重启 rsyslog 服务：</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>systemctl restart rsyslog
</code></pre></li>
<li>
<p>验证 rsyslogd 是否在侦听 514/udp 端口：</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code><span class="token function">netstat</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-l</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">grep</span> syslog
</code></pre></li>
</ol>
<h4 id="22-配置发送机器">2.2 配置发送机器 </h4>
<ol>
<li>
<p>在/etc/sysconfig/netconsole 文件中设置 SYSLOGADDR 变量的值，以匹配 syslogd 服务器的 IP 地址。例如：</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code><span class="token assign-left variable">SYSLOGADDR</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">192.168</span>.1.100
</code></pre></li>
<li>
<p>重启 netconsole 服务以使更改生效,并使netconsole服务开机自启：</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>systemctl restart netconsole
systemctl <span class="token builtin class-name">enable</span> netconsole
</code></pre></li>
<li>
<p>在 /var/log/messages 文件中或 rsyslog.conf 中指定的文件中查看来自客户端的 netconsole 消息。</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>    <span class="token function">cat</span> /var/log/messages
</code></pre></li>
</ol>
<hr>
<h2 id="3-使用networkmanager">3. 使用NetworkManager </h2>
<h3 id="31-安装">3.1 安装 </h3>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>yum <span class="token function">install</span> NetworkManager
</code></pre><h3 id="32-检查状态及启停">3.2 检查状态及启停 </h3>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>systemctl status NetworkManager
systemctl start NetworkManager
systemctl stop NetworkManager
systemctl restart NetworkManager
systemctl <span class="token builtin class-name">enable</span> NetworkManager
systemctl disable NetworkManager
</code></pre><h3 id="33-使用sysconfig文件">3.3 使用sysconfig文件 </h3>
<p>若更改sysconfig目录下文件，则需要重新加载配置</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>nmcli connection reload
</code></pre><p>或只加载某一个更改的文件</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>nmcli con load /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ifname
</code></pre><p>断开指定的网络设备并停止其网络服务</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>nmcli dev disconnect interface-name
</code></pre><p>连接指定的网络设备并启动其网络服务</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>nmcli con up interface-name
</code></pre><hr>
<h2 id="4配置ip">4.配置IP </h2>
<h3 id="41-nmcli的用法及参数">4.1 nmcli的用法及参数 </h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p>-t： 此模式可用于计算机脚本处理，显示命令的简单输出</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>-f: 此选项指定输出中可以显示哪些字段,例如：</p>
</li>
</ul>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>nmcli  <span class="token parameter variable">-f</span> DEVICE,STATE,IP4.ADDRESS,IP4.GATEWAY
</code></pre><ul>
<li>-p： 此选项用于便于查看输出。</li>
<li>检查 NetworkManager 的整体状态</li>
</ul>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>nmcli general status
</code></pre><ul>
<li>查看 NetworkManager 日志状态</li>
</ul>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>nmcli general logging
</code></pre><ul>
<li>开启关闭网卡设备</li>
</ul>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>nmcli device up ens33
nmcli device down ens33
</code></pre><ul>
<li>检查网络连接状态</li>
</ul>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>nmcli connection show
</code></pre><ul>
<li>仅查看当前活跃的连接</li>
</ul>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>nmcli connection show <span class="token parameter variable">--active</span>
</code></pre><ul>
<li>仅查看 NetworkManager 识别的设备及其状态</li>
</ul>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>nmcli device status
</code></pre><h3 id="42-配置静态ip">4.2 配置静态IP </h3>
<ul>
<li>添加一个网卡配置test，并绑定物理网卡，IPV4及其网关、IPV6及其网关</li>
</ul>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>nmcli connection <span class="token function">add</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">type</span> ethernet con-name 网卡名 ifname 物理设备名 ip4.address IP地址 gw4 网关 ipv6.addresses IP地址  ipv6.gateway 网关
nmcli con up <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span>  <span class="token comment">#启动test网卡</span>
</code></pre><ul>
<li>配置两个DNS地址</li>
</ul>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>nmcli con mod 网卡配置文件 ipv4.dns <span class="token string">"DNS地址1 DNS地址2"</span>
nmcli con mod 网卡配置文件 ipv6.dns <span class="token string">"DNS地址1 DNS地址2"</span>
</code></pre><ul>
<li>删除网卡配置</li>
</ul>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="bash" class="language-bash bash"><code>nmcli connection delete 网卡配置名
</code></pre>
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